Group dynamics: The interplay of rules, roles and development phases in groups
The importance of group dynamics: Groups are a fundamental element of our social lives. Group dynamics looks at how people interact in groups, how decisions are made and how the group functions as a whole. The group dynamics approach can be applied to very different groups: loose associations, long-term teams, project teams, the entire workforce of a company or multi-stakeholder groups.
Rules and norms: Groups often have implicit or explicit rules and norms that influence the behaviour of their members. These rules can range from formal structures such as hierarchical management systems to informal behaviours. Knowledge and understanding of these rules is crucial in order to act effectively as a group member in the group or to lead it as a manager.
Roles in the group: Within a group, members take on certain roles that define their functions and responsibilities. Both formal roles (e.g. team leader) and informal roles (e.g. the ’empathiser’, the ‘correct one’, the ‘doubter’, etc.) are important here. These roles can have a significant influence on the group experience.
Phases of group development: Groups go through different phases of development (see Tuckman’s model of team development). These phases include the forming phase (orientation and familiarisation), the storming phase (conflicts and power struggles), the norming phase (emergence of norms and cooperation) and finally the performing phase (effective group work). Understanding these phases enables groups to better deal with the challenges that can arise at each stage.
Conscious design of group processes: Group dynamics can be consciously designed to improve interaction and therefore the effectiveness and efficiency of groups. This can include the introduction of clear rules and responsibilities, the coaching of managers or the promotion of a positive group culture.
Conclusion: Group dynamics is a multi-layered concept that looks at the interactions and developments within groups or teams. An understanding of the formal and informal rules, the roles of group members and the phases of group development is essential in order to support groups effectively. The conscious design of group processes enables group goals to be achieved more efficiently and the individual needs and potential of its members to be better utilised.